Counterflow
Sections
Cooling Towers: Types, Design, and Performance
Comprehensive guide to cooling tower types, heat rejection calculations, approach and range principles, counterflow vs crossflow designs, and CTI standards for HVAC applications.
Heat Exchangers in HVAC Applications: Design, Selection & Performance Analysis
Comprehensive engineering guide to heat exchanger design for HVAC systems including LMTD and ε-NTU methods, effectiveness calculations, fouling analysis, and pressure drop sizing for shell-and-tube, plate, finned-tube, and plate-fin configurations.